A Study of Modal Salient Beliefs in The Behavior of Using Dialect Stickers

  • Lu Zhang No 11, Clintang Merak Gelugor, 11700 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
  • Julina Ismail@Kamal Department of New Media Design and Technology, School of Arts, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
Keywords: Theory of Planned Behavior, Dialect stickers, Beliefs, Youth

Abstract

This study aims to explore the behavioral intrinsic factors of post-95 youth (Generation Z) in using dialect stickers on social platforms. The qualitative research method of semi-structured interviews based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) summarizes the modal salient beliefs of the behavior of using dialect stickers and analyzes the main motivations of users' behavior of using dialect stickers. The findings suggest that post-95 youth (Generation Z) have a positive attitude toward dialect sticker use, driven mainly by the factors of pleasantness and bringing people closer together. Although the advantages of dialect stickers were generally recognized as outweighing the disadvantages, cross-dialect communication barriers remained a major factor in generating negative emotions. Older generations are less receptive to dialect stickers, while the attitudes and behaviors of fellow villagers as well as friends have a significant impact on the use of dialect stickers. The study concluded that the behavioral influences on dialect sticker use need to be further measured and assessed, and the present study provides information on the beliefs of the measurement questionnaire, which provides a valuable reference for dialect sticker design.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In Action control: From cognition to behavior. Springer Books.

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 50(2), 179-211.https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Ajzen, I. (2006). Constructing a theory of planned behavior questionnaire. In Ajzen, I (Eds.) , The theory of planned behavior (pp. 179-183) . Joint Economics Committee (JEC).

Ajzen, I., Fishbein, M., Lohmann, S., & Albarracín, D. (2018). The handbook of attitudes. Psychology Press

Cartwright, L., & Mandiberg, S. (2009). Obama and Shepard Fairey: The copy and political iconography in the age of the demake. Journal of Visual Culture, 8(2), 172-176. https://doi.org/10.1177/14704129090080020303

Chen, Z. L., Lin, J. X., & Zeng, Z. N. (2022). Research on the Inheritance and Applicati on of Cantonese Dialect Culture in Cultural and Creative Product Designs. China Nationalities Expo, 13(2), 165-168.

Coyle, M. A., & Carmichael, C. L. (2019). Perceived responsiveness in text messaging: The role of emoji use. Computers in Human Behavior, 99, 181-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.05.023

Campbell, C. (1996). On the concept of motive in sociology. Sociology, 30(1), 101-114. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038596030001007

Cooper, G., Barkatsas, T., & Strathdee, R. (2016). The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in educational research using structural equation modelling (SEM). In Global learning in the 21st century (pp. 139-162). Brill.

De Seta, G.(2018). Biaoqing: The circulation of emoticons, emoji, stickers, and custom images on Chinese digital media platforms. First Monday, 23(9), 101-114.https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v23i9.9391

Francis, J. J., Johnston, M., Robertson, C., Glidewell, L., Entwistle, V., Eccles, M. P., & Grimshaw, J. M. (2010). What is an adequate sample size? Operationalising data saturation for theory-based interview studies. Psychology and health, 25(10), 1229-1245. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870440903194015

Francis, J. J., Eccles, M. P., Johnston, M., Walker, A., Grimshaw, J., Foy, R., Kaner, E. F., Smith, L., & Bonetti, D. (2004). Constructing questionnaires based on the theory of planned behavior. A manual for health services researchers. United Kingdom: University of Newcastle.

Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 105–117). Sage Publications.

Hu, M., YI,M., & Liu, J. (2022). The Influencing Factors of Young Users' Willingness to Use Online Emoticons. Documentation, Information & Knowledge, 39(02), 6-19. https://doi.org/10.13366/j.dik.2022.02.006

Hsieh, S. H., & Tseng, T. H. (2017). Playfulness in mobile instant messaging: Examining the influence of emoticons and text messaging on social interaction. Computers in Human Behavior, 69, 405-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.052

Hxy. (2012, March 22). Investigation claims that the number of young people speaking dialects is decreasing; scholars urge dialect protection. China Youth Daily. https://miluo-xhncloud.voc.com.cn/content/1299311

Hsiwen F., Ikjoon C., & Yoshie K. (2021). An Exploration of Intention to Use Emoji in Social Network Services with Cognitive Age. Journal of Design Science, 24(2), 111-135. https://doi.org/10.30105/JDS.202112_24(2).0005

Jaeger, S. R., Vidal, L., Kam, K., & Ares, G. (2017). Can emoji be used as a direct method to measure emotional associations to food names? Preliminary investigations with consumers in USA and China. Food quality and preference, 56, 38-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2016.09.005

Ji, N. L., Yan, C. Y., & Chen, W. T. (2021). Lifecycle and dissemination mechanisms of internet slang: A cluster analysis of 73 internet slang terms from 2012 to 2020. Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology (Social Sciences), 3(06), 84-95. https://doi.org/10.16452/j.cnki.

Long, J. M., & Li, X. Q. (2019). Study on the dissemination model of "internet memes + regional culture.". Science and Technology Communication, 14, 138-141. https://doi.org/10.16607/j.cnki.

Lue, J. H. (2017). Characteristics and pathways of Chinese dialect dissemination in the online environment. Today's Media, 09, 51-52.

Lu, M. Y. (2016). Characteristics of WeChat emojis and their impact on development. New Media Studies, 06(2096-0360), 134. https://doi.org/10.16604/j.cnki.

Luo, X. (2021, February 08). Nearly 80% of Generation Z is willing to endorse their hometown dialects. China Youth Daily. https://zqb.cyol.com/html/202102/08/nw.D110000zgqnb_20210208_1-08.htm

Li, M. H. (2021). Study on the Communication Mechanism of Network Catchwords in Recent Decade [master’s thesis ,Jinan University. ]. ResearchOnline@cnki.https://www.cnki.net/KCMS/ 1022442882

Li, F. (2011). Usage and satisfaction of internet emoticons (Master's thesis, Shanghai Jiaotong University).ResearchOnline@cnki.https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/ 1012019568

Liu, L. Q., & Liu, X. C. (2020). Motivations for emoticon use and their influence on usage behavior in different interpersonal relationships: A mixed-methods study. Modern Communication (Journal of Communication University of China), 08, 88-94.

Liu, L. (2018). Research report on reward mechanisms in new media content distribution platforms (Master's thesis, South-Central University for Nationalities).ResearchOnline@cnki.https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/1018992307

Moshki, M., Abdoljavad, K., Leila, D., & Doulati, S. P. (2019). Red light violation and pedestrians’ modal salient beliefs about unsafe road crossing behavior: a qualitative study. Journal of injury and violence research, 11(2), 189. https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1184

Morse, J. M. (1991). Approaches to qualitative-quantitative methodological triangulati. Nursing research, 40(2), 120-123.

Neel, L. A., McKechnie, J. G., Robus, C. M., & Hand, C. J. (2023). Emoji alter the perception of emotion in affectively neutral text messages. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 47(1), 83-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-022-00421-6

Na’aman, N., Provenza, H., & Montoya, O. (2017). Varying linguistic purposes of emoji in (Twitter) context. Proceedings of ACL 2017, student research workshop, (pp. 136-141)

Prada, M., Rodrigues, D. L., Garrido, M. V., Lopes, D., Cavalheiro, B., & Gaspar, R. (2018). Motives, frequency and attitudes toward emoji and emoticon use. Telematics and Informatics, 35(7), 1925-1934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.06.005

Rodrigues, D., Lopes, D., Prada, M., Thompson, D., & Garrido, M. V. (2017). A frown emoji can be worth a thousand words: Perceptions of emoji use in text messages exchanged between romantic partners. Telematics and Informatics, 34(8), 1532-1543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.07.001

Swartz, M. (2020). Exploring Symbolic Representation of Identity and Collective Behavior in Social Media: Emoji Use in Twitter]. George Mason University

Su, W. Q. (2006). Exploring youth subcultures. Journal of Jianghan University (Humanities and Social Sciences), 4, 102-105.

Sharma, S., & Bock, G. W.(2005). Factors Influencing Individual's Knowledge Seeking Behavior in Electronic Knowledge Repository. ECIS 2005 Proceedings, 49 , 1-15. https://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2005/49

Valentin, L. (2023, March 22).Tencent reports $20.6 billion in Q2 2023 revenue. Tencent-reports.https://multiplatform.com/news/tencent-reports-20-6-billion-in-q2-2023-revenue/

Wall, H. J., Kaye, L. K., & Malone, S. A. (2016). An exploration of psychological factors on emoticon usage and implications for judgement accuracy. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 70-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.040

Wang, Y. (2016). Cultural identity in the construction of internet emoticons (Master's thesis), Lanzhou University. ResearchOnline@cnki.https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/ 1016725489

Wang, Y. F., & Xue, W. R. (2021). Application research of dialect emoticon packs in speech communication. New Media Studies, 02, 116-119. https://doi.org/10.16604/j.cnki.

Xu, J., & Huang, Y. J. (2023). The popularity, misuse, and re-interpretation of the "Generation Z" concept and its impact on the cultural values of the youth in China. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Philosophy and Social Sciences), 10, 13-29. https://doi.org/10.13806/j.cnki.

Yue, L. J. (2008). Internal differences in the phonetics of Rizhao dialect and their social-historical reasons. Folklore Research, 1, 173-185.

Zhou, Y. F. (2020). Research on dialect dissemination in the context of all-media perspective. (Unpublished Doctoral thesis), Shanxi University.

Zhang, Y. (2018). The cultural logic and regulation of youth internet memes. Thought and Theory Education, 1, 82-86. https://doi.org/10.16075/j.cnki.

Published
2024-04-30
How to Cite
Zhang, L. and Ismail@Kamal, J. (2024) “A Study of Modal Salient Beliefs in The Behavior of Using Dialect Stickers”, Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 9(4), p. e002646. doi: 10.47405/mjssh.v9i4.2646.
Section
Articles