Sorotan Literatur Bersistematik: Kaedah Pembelajaran Berasaskan Masalah dan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi
Keywords:
pembelajaran berasaskan masalah, kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi, pembelajaran abad ke-21, teori konstruktivisme sosial
Abstract
Pembelajaran berasaskan masalah (PBM) yang dibangunkan berdasarkan Teori Konstruktivisme Sosial menggalakkan komunikasi dua hala di mana interaksi sosial berlaku antara guru dan pelajar serta pelajar dan pelajar. Kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk meninjau keberkesanan kaedah pembelajaran berasaskan masalah terhadap kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi. Artikel dari tahun 2017 sehingga 2020 telah diperolehi dari empat pangkalan data iaitu EBSCOhost, ERIC, Google Scholar dan Research Gate. Sebanyak 20 artikel telah dipilih berdasarkan tiga peringkat dalam Model PRISMA iaitu peringkat pengenalpastian, saringan dan rangkuman. Dapatan analisis menunjukkan bahawa kaedah pembelajaran berasaskan masalah berupaya meningkatkan kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi murid. Pembelajaran menggunakan kaedah ini berupaya merangsang pelajar untuk menggunakan kemahiran berfikir pada aras yang tinggi seperti mengaplikasikan dan menganalisis permasalahan, menilai keputusan dan mencipta idea baharu bagi menyelesaikan masalah. Walau bagaimanapun, pelaksanaan kaedah ini memerlukan kesediaan pelajar untuk terlibat secara aktif dalam menyuarakan pendapat serta berkongsi idea dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Manakala peranan guru dilihat sebagai elemen yang penting bagi memastikan pelaksanaan kaedah ini mencapai objektif pembelajaran. Peranan guru sebagai pemudahcara yang aktif dalam memberi bimbingan kepada pelajar akan menjadikan suasana pembelajaran kekal positif dan dinamik. Oleh yang demikian, guru perlu membuat perancangan yang sistematik bagi membiasakan pelajar menggunakan kaedah pembelajaran berasaskan masalah.
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References
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Afdareza, M. Y., Yuanita, P. & Maimunah. (2020, April). Development of Learning Device Based on 21st Century Skill with Implementation of Problem Based Learning to Increase Critical Thinking Skill of Students on Polyhedron for Grade 8th Junior High School. Journal of Educational Sciences, 2(2), 273-284.
Amin, S., Utaya, S. Bachri, S. & Susilo, S. (2020, June). Effect of Problem-Based Learning on Critical Thinking Skills and Environmental Attitude. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists , 8(2), 743-755.
Aprillianti, L. (2018). Comparison between Concept of Evaluation on KTSP Curriculum and 2013 Curriculum. UHAMKA International Conference on ELT and CALL (UICELL), (pp. 95-109). Jakarta.
Bashith, A. & Amin, S. (2017). The Effect of Problem Based Learning on EFL Students' Critical Thinking Skill and Learning Outcome. Al-Ta'llim Journal, 23(2), 93-102.
Dakabesi, D. & Louise, I. S. Y. (2019, November). The Effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning Model to Increase the Students' Critical Thinking Skills. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 13(4), 543-549.
Darhim, Prabawanto, S. & Susilo, B. E. (2020, October). The Effect of Problem-Based Learning and Mathematical Problem Posing in Improving Student's Critical Thinking Skills. International Journal of Instruction, 13(4), 103-116.
Fajari, L. E. W. (2020). The Effect of Problem-Based Learning Multimedia and Picture Media on Students' Critical-Thinking Skills Viewed from Learning Motivation and Learning Styles in Elementary School. Ilkogretim Online-Elementary Education Online, 19(3), 1797-1811.
Fatin Adlina Mokter. (2019, Mei). Keberkesanan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Masalah Terhadap Pencapaian dan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi Pelajar dalam Penulisan Karangan Bahasa Melayu. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 9(1), 33-46.
Hung, W., Moallem, M. & Dabbagh, N. (2019). Social Foundations of Problem-Based Learning. In The Wiley Handbook of Problem-Based Learning (Vol. 1). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Jessica Dora Henry & Zamri Mahamod. (2021). Penerapan Amalan Kreativiti, Pemikiran Kritis, Kolaborasi dan Komunikasi (4C) Pembelajaran Abad Ke-21 dalam Kalangan Guru Bahasa Melayu. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 3(1), 239-248.
Kardoyo, Nurkhin, A., Mushin & Pramusinto, H. (2020, March). Problem-Based Learning Strategy: Its Impact on Students' Critical and Creative Thinking Skills. European Journal of Educational Research, 9(3), 1141-1150.
Kasmiati, Tahril & Tiwow, M. A. V. (2020, November). Effect of Problem Based Learning Model on the Chemical Reaction Rate toward Critical Thinking Ability of Students. Jurnal Akademika Kimia, 9(4), 183-190.
Khusaini, Lestari, S. & Agustin, N. A. (2018). The Application of Problem-Based Learning Method to Improve Economic Learning Outcomes and Motivation. Dinamika Pendidikan, 13(2), 218-227.
Lapuz, A. M. E. & Fulgencio, M. N. (2020, January). Improving the Critical Thinking Skills of Secondary School Students using Problem-Based Learning. International Journal of Academic Multidiciplinary Research, 4(1), 1-7.
Lubis, R. R., Irwanto & Harahap, M. Y. (2019, October). Increasing Learning Outcomes and Ability Critical Thinking of Students Through Application Problem Based Learning Strategies. International Journal for Education and Vocational Studies, 1(6), 524-527.
Mohd Yusof Abdullah, Roslee Talip & Dayang Fatimah Majid. (2017). Pengaruh Transformasi Pengajaran, Kesediaan dan Kepemimpinan Guru Terhadap Penglibatan Pembelajaran Pelajar Sekolah Menengah Luar Bandar di Sabah. Jurnal Kesidang, 2, 96-202.
Mulyanto, H., Gunarhadi & Indriayu, M. (2018). The Effect of Problem Based Learning Model on Student Mathematics Learning Outcomes Viewed from Critical Thinking Skills. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching (IOJET), 5(3), 553-563.
Nur Izzati Jamaludin, Shahida Shahmi & Latifa Bibi Musafar Hameed. (2020). Elemen Kepercayaan Sebagai Teras Sumbangan Melalui Pendanaan Awam Bertujuan Kebajikan. Asian Journal of Accounting and Governance, 13, 55-65.
Page, M. J., Moher, D., Bossuyt, P.M., Boutron, I., Hoffman, T.C., Mulrow, C. D, et al. (2021, January 5). PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. Diakses pada 10 April 2021, dari BMJ (Open Access): http://www.prisma-statement.org/PRISMAStatement/FlowDiagram
Pebriana, R. & Disman. (2017, September). Effect of Problem Based Learning to Critical Thinking Skills Elementary School Students in Social Studies. Journal of Elementary Education, 1(1), 109-118.
Saputra, M. D., Joyoatmojo, S., Wardani, D. K. & Sangka, K. B. (2019, January). Developing Critical-Thinking Skilss through the Collaboration of Jigsaw Model with Problem-Based Learning Model. International Journal of Instruction, 12(1), 1077-1094.
Saputro, A. D., Atun, S., Wilujeng, I., Ariyanto, A. & Arifin, S. (2020). Enhancing Pre-Service Elementary Teachers' Self-Efficacy and Critical Thinking using Problem-Based Learning. European Journal of Educational Research, 9(2), 765-773.
Seyyedrezaie, S. H. & Barani, G. (2017). Constructivism and Curriculum Development. Journal of Humanities Insights, 1(3), 119-124.
Siti Faridah & Harini Jaafar. (2018). Kesan Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Masalah Terhadap Pemikiran Kritis Pelajar Tingkatan Empat dalam Mata Pelajaran Prinsip Perakaunan. Management Research Journal, 8(1), 175-187.
Siti Fatimah Salleh & Jamalludin Harun. (2020, February). Pembelajaran Berasaskan Masalah Menerusi Teknologi Web 2.0 dalam Mata Pelajaran Sains dan Kesannya Terhadap Tahap Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi Pelajar. Innovative Teaching and Learning Journal, 3(2), 15-29.
Suhirman, Prayogi, S. & Asy’ari, M. (2021, April). Problem-Based Learning with Character-Emphasis and Naturalist Intelligence: Examining Students Critical Thinking and Curiosity. International Journal of Instruction, 14(2), 217-232.
Suryanti, N. & Nurhuda. (2021, April). The Effect of Problem-Based Learning with an Analytical Rubric on the Development of Students' Critical Thinking Skills. International Journal of Education, 14(2), 665-684.
Sylviana Mantihal & Siti Mistima Maat. (2020). Pengaruh Pembelajaran Abad Ke-21 (PAK21) Terhadap Minat Murid dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Matematik: Satu Tinjauan Sistematik. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 2(1), 82-91.
Ulger, K. (2018). The Effect of Problem-Based Learning on the Creative Thinking and Critical Thinking Disposition of Students in Visual Arts Education. The Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 12(1).
Yonanda, D. A., Yuliati, Y. & Saputra, D. S. (2019). Development of Problem-Based Comic Book as Learning Media for Improving Primary School Students' Critical Thinking Ability. Mimbar Sekolah Dasar, 6(3), 341-348.
Afdareza, M. Y., Yuanita, P. & Maimunah. (2020, April). Development of Learning Device Based on 21st Century Skill with Implementation of Problem Based Learning to Increase Critical Thinking Skill of Students on Polyhedron for Grade 8th Junior High School. Journal of Educational Sciences, 2(2), 273-284.
Amin, S., Utaya, S. Bachri, S. & Susilo, S. (2020, June). Effect of Problem-Based Learning on Critical Thinking Skills and Environmental Attitude. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists , 8(2), 743-755.
Aprillianti, L. (2018). Comparison between Concept of Evaluation on KTSP Curriculum and 2013 Curriculum. UHAMKA International Conference on ELT and CALL (UICELL), (pp. 95-109). Jakarta.
Bashith, A. & Amin, S. (2017). The Effect of Problem Based Learning on EFL Students' Critical Thinking Skill and Learning Outcome. Al-Ta'llim Journal, 23(2), 93-102.
Dakabesi, D. & Louise, I. S. Y. (2019, November). The Effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning Model to Increase the Students' Critical Thinking Skills. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 13(4), 543-549.
Darhim, Prabawanto, S. & Susilo, B. E. (2020, October). The Effect of Problem-Based Learning and Mathematical Problem Posing in Improving Student's Critical Thinking Skills. International Journal of Instruction, 13(4), 103-116.
Fajari, L. E. W. (2020). The Effect of Problem-Based Learning Multimedia and Picture Media on Students' Critical-Thinking Skills Viewed from Learning Motivation and Learning Styles in Elementary School. Ilkogretim Online-Elementary Education Online, 19(3), 1797-1811.
Fatin Adlina Mokter. (2019, Mei). Keberkesanan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Masalah Terhadap Pencapaian dan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi Pelajar dalam Penulisan Karangan Bahasa Melayu. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 9(1), 33-46.
Hung, W., Moallem, M. & Dabbagh, N. (2019). Social Foundations of Problem-Based Learning. In The Wiley Handbook of Problem-Based Learning (Vol. 1). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Jessica Dora Henry & Zamri Mahamod. (2021). Penerapan Amalan Kreativiti, Pemikiran Kritis, Kolaborasi dan Komunikasi (4C) Pembelajaran Abad Ke-21 dalam Kalangan Guru Bahasa Melayu. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 3(1), 239-248.
Kardoyo, Nurkhin, A., Mushin & Pramusinto, H. (2020, March). Problem-Based Learning Strategy: Its Impact on Students' Critical and Creative Thinking Skills. European Journal of Educational Research, 9(3), 1141-1150.
Kasmiati, Tahril & Tiwow, M. A. V. (2020, November). Effect of Problem Based Learning Model on the Chemical Reaction Rate toward Critical Thinking Ability of Students. Jurnal Akademika Kimia, 9(4), 183-190.
Khusaini, Lestari, S. & Agustin, N. A. (2018). The Application of Problem-Based Learning Method to Improve Economic Learning Outcomes and Motivation. Dinamika Pendidikan, 13(2), 218-227.
Lapuz, A. M. E. & Fulgencio, M. N. (2020, January). Improving the Critical Thinking Skills of Secondary School Students using Problem-Based Learning. International Journal of Academic Multidiciplinary Research, 4(1), 1-7.
Lubis, R. R., Irwanto & Harahap, M. Y. (2019, October). Increasing Learning Outcomes and Ability Critical Thinking of Students Through Application Problem Based Learning Strategies. International Journal for Education and Vocational Studies, 1(6), 524-527.
Mohd Yusof Abdullah, Roslee Talip & Dayang Fatimah Majid. (2017). Pengaruh Transformasi Pengajaran, Kesediaan dan Kepemimpinan Guru Terhadap Penglibatan Pembelajaran Pelajar Sekolah Menengah Luar Bandar di Sabah. Jurnal Kesidang, 2, 96-202.
Mulyanto, H., Gunarhadi & Indriayu, M. (2018). The Effect of Problem Based Learning Model on Student Mathematics Learning Outcomes Viewed from Critical Thinking Skills. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching (IOJET), 5(3), 553-563.
Nur Izzati Jamaludin, Shahida Shahmi & Latifa Bibi Musafar Hameed. (2020). Elemen Kepercayaan Sebagai Teras Sumbangan Melalui Pendanaan Awam Bertujuan Kebajikan. Asian Journal of Accounting and Governance, 13, 55-65.
Page, M. J., Moher, D., Bossuyt, P.M., Boutron, I., Hoffman, T.C., Mulrow, C. D, et al. (2021, January 5). PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. Diakses pada 10 April 2021, dari BMJ (Open Access): http://www.prisma-statement.org/PRISMAStatement/FlowDiagram
Pebriana, R. & Disman. (2017, September). Effect of Problem Based Learning to Critical Thinking Skills Elementary School Students in Social Studies. Journal of Elementary Education, 1(1), 109-118.
Saputra, M. D., Joyoatmojo, S., Wardani, D. K. & Sangka, K. B. (2019, January). Developing Critical-Thinking Skilss through the Collaboration of Jigsaw Model with Problem-Based Learning Model. International Journal of Instruction, 12(1), 1077-1094.
Saputro, A. D., Atun, S., Wilujeng, I., Ariyanto, A. & Arifin, S. (2020). Enhancing Pre-Service Elementary Teachers' Self-Efficacy and Critical Thinking using Problem-Based Learning. European Journal of Educational Research, 9(2), 765-773.
Seyyedrezaie, S. H. & Barani, G. (2017). Constructivism and Curriculum Development. Journal of Humanities Insights, 1(3), 119-124.
Siti Faridah & Harini Jaafar. (2018). Kesan Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Masalah Terhadap Pemikiran Kritis Pelajar Tingkatan Empat dalam Mata Pelajaran Prinsip Perakaunan. Management Research Journal, 8(1), 175-187.
Siti Fatimah Salleh & Jamalludin Harun. (2020, February). Pembelajaran Berasaskan Masalah Menerusi Teknologi Web 2.0 dalam Mata Pelajaran Sains dan Kesannya Terhadap Tahap Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi Pelajar. Innovative Teaching and Learning Journal, 3(2), 15-29.
Suhirman, Prayogi, S. & Asy’ari, M. (2021, April). Problem-Based Learning with Character-Emphasis and Naturalist Intelligence: Examining Students Critical Thinking and Curiosity. International Journal of Instruction, 14(2), 217-232.
Suryanti, N. & Nurhuda. (2021, April). The Effect of Problem-Based Learning with an Analytical Rubric on the Development of Students' Critical Thinking Skills. International Journal of Education, 14(2), 665-684.
Sylviana Mantihal & Siti Mistima Maat. (2020). Pengaruh Pembelajaran Abad Ke-21 (PAK21) Terhadap Minat Murid dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Matematik: Satu Tinjauan Sistematik. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 2(1), 82-91.
Ulger, K. (2018). The Effect of Problem-Based Learning on the Creative Thinking and Critical Thinking Disposition of Students in Visual Arts Education. The Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 12(1).
Yonanda, D. A., Yuliati, Y. & Saputra, D. S. (2019). Development of Problem-Based Comic Book as Learning Media for Improving Primary School Students' Critical Thinking Ability. Mimbar Sekolah Dasar, 6(3), 341-348.
Published
2021-12-10
How to Cite
Thomas, V. and Surat, S. (2021) “Sorotan Literatur Bersistematik: Kaedah Pembelajaran Berasaskan Masalah dan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi”, Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 6(12), pp. 158 - 168. doi: 10.47405/mjssh.v6i12.1211.
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