A Qualitative Study of Work Motivation Among the Media and Creative Workers in Malaysia
Abstract
The creative industry is a booming sector in the contribution to the gross domestic product in a country especially towards the gig economy. Among the pillars within the creative industry is those from the film and drama sectors. Terms such as above-the-line and below-the-line are segregated to identify their nature of work and how it contributes to the audio-visual industry. Therefore, the creative industry practitioners are facing challenges in maintaining their status quo for better economic gains and protecting their well-fare due to the nature of the creative industries as freelancers. This study’s objective is to understand the problems that are faced by the creative industry stakeholders in generating their income and also to study the possible effects of inefficiency of well-fare protection in Malaysia's creative industry. This study also uses qualitative study and thematic analysis to analyse the data gained from focus group discussion of five (5) participants where four (4) of them are creative creators and one (1) of them was from the legislative office of copyright protection in Malaysia. The interviews were recorded into audio files and transcribed verbatim. The data acquired were later on analysed using ATLAS.ti and have managed to discover three (3) emergent themes that reflects the whole purpose of the study. The impact of this study is to understand what could possibly be done to improvise the economic and welfare well-being of the creative industry practitioners.
Downloads
References
Aaron, S. (2021, June 25). Film Career Guide: Above the Line vs. Below the Line Jobs. MasterClass. Retrieved December 29, 2023, from https://www.masterclass.com/articles/film-career-guide-above-the-line-vs-below-the-line-jobs
Agee, J. (2009). Developing qualitative research questions: A reflective process. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 22(4), 431-447. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518390902736512
Alavi, R., & Ida Madieha, A. G. A. (2019). The copyright reward system and content owners in the creative industry: A study of the malaysian film and TV industry. The Journal of World Intellectual Property, 22(3-4), 144-162. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwip.12121
Ashton, D. (2014). Creative contexts: Work placement subjectivities for the creative industries. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 35(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425692.916602
Au Yong, H. N. (2018). Making full use of a creative economy: Review of the development of Malaysia as a hub for creative content technologies. Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Technology and Operations Management (2ndCTOM), Universiti Utara Malaysia, Kedah, Malaysia. https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/24192/
Barker, T., & Lee, Y. B. (2017). Making creative industries policy: The Malaysian case. Kajian Malaysia, 35(2), 21-37.
Barrowclough, D., & Kozul-Wright, Z. (2008). Creative industries and developing countries: Voice, choice, and economic growth (1st ed.). Routledge.
Bjornstad, R., Gjelsvik, L. M., Godoy, A., Holm, I., & Stolen, M. N. (2010). Demand and supply of labour by education towards 2030. Statistics Norway. https://www.ssb.no/en/arbeid-og-lonn/artikler-og-publikasjoner/demand-and-supply-of-labor-by-education-towards-2030
Boeije, H. (2010). Analysis in qualitative research. Sage Publications. https://perlinguam.journals.ac.za/pub/article/view/24
Bridgstock, R. (2011). Skills for creative industries graduate success. Education and Training, 53(1), 9-26. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/00400911111102333/full/html
Brown, R. (2007). Enhancing student employability? Current practice and student experiences in HE are performing arts. Arts and Humanities in Higher Education, 6(1), 28-49. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1474022207072198
Chang Da Wan, Morshidi Sirat, & Dzulkifli Abdul Razak. (2018). Education in Malaysia towards a developed nation. ISEAS: Yusof Ishak Institute. https://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/ISEASEWP2018-4Wan.pdf
Creswell, J. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design (2nd edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Cultural Economy Development Agency (CENDANA). (n.d.). About Us. https://www.cendana.com.my/about-us/who-we-are
Dasar Industri Kreatif Negara (DIKN). (2009). Dasar Industri Kreatif Negara (DIKN). KKD. https://www.kkd.gov.my/pdf/dikn.pdf
Department for Culture Media and Sport (DCMS). (2023). Creative industry sector vision: A joint plan to drive growth, build talent and develop skills. Department for Culture Media and Sport (DCMS). https://www.gov.uk/official-documents
Fariza, S. (2023). The copyright protection system and practises literacy among the creative industry practitioners in Malaysia. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University Putra Malaysia.
Goldstein, P. (1994). Copyright’s highway. Hill & Wang. New York, NY.
Harbour, S. (2005). Employability issues for fine art educators. Art, Design and Communication in Higher Education, 4(2), 121-134. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250967857_Employability_issues_for_fine_art_educators
Hisham, H. T. (2013). Kepelbagaian hala dalam pengaliran filem di dunia. Satu Tinjauan Prospek Filem Tempatan Untuk Pasaran Antarabangsa. Jurnal Pengajian Malaysia, 15(2), 87-99. https://jpmm.um.edu.my/index.php/JPMM/article/view/36044
Malaysia Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC). (2015). Industry performance report. Malaysia Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC). https://www.mcmc.gov.my
Jeffri, J. (2004). Research on the individual artist: Seeking the solitary singer. Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society, 34(1), 9-23. https://theartsjournal.org/index.php/site/article/view/968
Joseph, G. (2023, October 11). Timba ilmu, kekal kualiti. Harian Metro. https://www.hmetro.com.my/utama/2023/10/1018648/timba-ilmu-kekal-kualiti
Kretschmer, M., Singh, S., & Meletti, B. (2018). IP & collaborative agreements in the creative industries. Centre for Copyright and New Business Models in the Creative Economy (CREATe) Working Paper. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1404869
Micunovic, M., & Balkovic, L. (2015). Author’s right in the digital age: How Internet and Peer-to-peer file sharing technology shape the copyrights and copywrongs. Libellarium, VIII(2), 27-64. https://dx.doi.org/10.15291/libellarium.v0i0.232
National Centre for Education Statistics. (2012). Digest of education statistics. National Centre for Education Statistics. http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/2012menu_tables.asp
Pettinger, L., Forkert, K., & Goffey, A. (2016). The promises of creative industry higher education: An analysis of university prospectuses in Malaysia. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 24(4), 466–484. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2016.1223644
Pruner, A. (2022, May 10). Above-the-line vs. below-the-line jobs in film. Backstage. https://www.backstage.com/magazine/article/above-the-line-vs-below-the-line-crew-differences-74969/
Rakova, M. (2021). Using of intellectual property in a creative industry in a global dimension. SHS Web of Conferences, 92, 03024. https://doi.org/10.1051/shconf/20219203024
Spinello, R. A. (2007). Intellectual property rights. Library Hi Tech, 25(1), 12-22. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Intellectual-property-rights Spinello/5807ff1a0eabb669311963682b2282985ba53d86
Siti Salwa Isa, Siti Suriawati Isa & Abu Ali. (2011). The development of the creative economy in Malaysia as experienced in two different case studies. In IEEE Symposium on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications (ISBEIA) (521-526). Langkawi, Malaysia. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISBEIA.2011.6088873
Texas Workforce Investment Council. (2017, March 10). The gig economy in the US. Texas Workforce Investment Council. https://gov.texas.gov/uploads/files/organization/twic/Gig_Economy_in_US_March_2017.pdf
United Nations Conference and Trade Development (UNCTAD). (2008). Creative economy report 2008: The challenge of assessing the creative economy: Towards informed policymaking. UNCTAD. https://unctad.org/publication/creative-economy-report-2008-challenge-assessing-creative-economy-towards-informed
Wahyuni, D. (2012). The research design maze: Understanding paradigms, cases, methods, and methodologies. Journal of Applied Management Accounting Research, 10(1), 69-80. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2103082
Walzer, D. (2020). Leadership in the creative industries: Addressing an uncertain future. The Journal of the Music & Entertainment Industry Educators Association (MEIEA), 20(1).https://doi.org/10.25101/20.5
World Intellectual Property Organisation. (2015). Report on surveying the economic contribution of the copyright industries (WIPO Publication No. 893 E). https://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/copyright/en/performance/pdf/wipo_pub_893_2015.pdf
World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO). [Summary of Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances, 2012]. https://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/beijing/summary_beijing.html