Kebangkitan Semula Fahaman Politik Berbilang Kaum Melalui Slogan ‘Sabah for Sabahan’ di Sabah
Keywords:
Sabah, fahaman politik, berbilang kaum, slogan politik
Abstract
Artikel ini membentangkan perbincangan tentang kebangkitan semula fahaman politik berbilang kaum di Sabah melalui slogan ‘Sabah for Sabahan’. Adalah didapati bahawa selepas beberapa dekad berhadapan dengan isu perkauman, Sabah semakin memahami hakikat bahawa mempolitikkan perbezaan etnik hanya akan membawa kepada kehancuran. Keadaan ini didapati sebagai kesan kepada penggunaan slogan "Sabah for Sabahan". Oleh itu, slogan tersebut wajar dianggap sebagai salah satu faktor penting dalam proses perkembangan atau juga kebangkitan semula ideologi politik berbilang etnik di Sabah. Dalam erti kata yang lain, artikel ini telah menunjukkan bahawa perubahan ciri politik dalam masyarakat yang dicirikan oleh kepelbagaian boleh dilakukan melalui penciptaan dan penggunaan meluas slogan politik khusus yang sangat signifikan dengan kehendak serta keperluan semasa penduduk dalam sesebuah unit pentadbiran seperti kampung, bandar dan negara.
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References
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Shairi, N.A. & Santos, J. (October 12th, 2017). Warisan wins over Sabah, one ethnic group at a time. The Malaysian Insight. Available Online: https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/18192/
Stephen, J. (2000). The value of ethnic labels in relations to the ethnic identity in Sabah: The case of the Kadazandusuns. In Leigh, M. (Ed.), Borneo 2000: Proceedings of the Sixth Biennial Borneo Research Conference, 10th – 14th July (pp. 1-22). Kuching, Sarawak: Institute of East Asian Studies (ISEAS), University Malaysia Sarawak.
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J.C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W.G. Austin, & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-47). Monterey, CA: Brooks-Cole.
Tarmudi, Z., Saibin, T.C., Naharu, N., & Tamsin, N.W.D. (2014). Tourist arrivals to Sabah by using fuzzy forecasting. Paper presented at 4th International Conference on Tourism Research (4ICTR), held at Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 9-11 December.
The FMT Reporters (May 7th, 2017). Don’t be fooled by ‘Sabah for Sabahans’ slogan, says Najib. FMT NEWS. Available Online: https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2017/05/07/dont-be-fooled-by-sabah-for-sabahans-slogan-says-najib/
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Warren, C. (1983). Ideology, identity and change: The experience of the Bajau Laut of East Malaysia, 1960-1975. Southeast Asian Monograph Series (No. 14). Townsville, Qld.: James Cook University of North Queensland.
Warren, J.F. (1981). The Sulu zone 1768-1898. Singapore: Singapore University Press.
Welman, F. (2011). Borneo trilogy (Heart of darkness open) – Volume 2; Sabah. Retrieved from www.booksmango.com.
Yusoff, M.A. (1999). The politics of centre-state conflict: The Sabah experience under the ruling Sabah Alliance (1963-1976). JEBAT, 26, 1-25.
Barlocco, F. (2014). Identity and the state in Sabah. New York, NY: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group.
Bernama, August 25th, 2018). Rakyat perlu komited jaga keharmonian – Safie Apdal. Astro Awani. Available Online: http://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/rakyat-perlu-komited-jaga-keharmonian-mohd-shafie-183886
Boulanger, C.L. (2009). A sleeping tiger: Ethnicity, class and new Dayak dreams in urban Sarawak. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
Chee-Beng, T. (1997). Ethnic groups, ethnogenesis and ethnic identities: Some examples from Malaysia. Shatin, Hong Kong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2015). Population and housing census of Malaysia 2010. Kuala Lumpur: Government Printer.
Glyn-Jones, M. (1953). The Dusun of the Penampang plains in North Borneo. London, England: The Colonial Social Science Research Council.
Harrisson, T. (1975). The Bajau: their origin and the wide importance. Sabah Society Journal, 6, 38-41.
Human Right Watch (1991). Abdication of responsibility: The commonwealth and human rights. New York, NY: Human Right Watch.
Husung, A. (2016). Idealised Paradise? Leadership in international volunteer organisations in the sustainable development process. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Linnaeus University, Kalmar Vaxjo, Sweeden.
IWGIA. (2016). The Indigenous World 2016. Copenhagen, Denmark: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs.
Kitingan, J.G. (1987). The 20 Points: Basis for federal-state relations for Sabah. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah: Jeffry Gapari Kitingan.
Kitingan, J. (2011, September 16). Sept. 16 is a black day for Sabah. FMT News. Retrieved from http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/opinion/2011/09/16/sept-16-is-a-black-day-for-sabah/
Luping, H.J. (1985). The Kadazans and Sabah politics (Unpublished PhD thesis). Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
Mohd. Sohaimi, E. & Romzi, A. (2020a). Menyingkap Peristiwa Penyingkiran Singapura dari Malaysia (1963-1965). Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 5(12), 217-229.
Mohd. Sohaimi, E. & Romzi, A. (2020b). Reaksi Penduduk Sabah Terhadap Pembentukan Malaysia: Suatu Perbandingan Dulu dan Kini. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 5(12), 123-130.
Mohd Sohaimi Esa & Romzi Ationg (2020c). Majlis Gerakan Negara (MAGERAN): Usaha Memulihkan Semula Keamanan Negara Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 5(12), 170-178.
Mohd Sohaimi Esa (2011). Sumbangan Tun Abdul Razak dalam membina hubungan Malaysia-Indonesia. Journal Jabatan Sejarah Universiti Malaya, 11, 397-216.
Nay, O. (2013). Fragile and Failed States: Critical Perspectives on Conceptual Hybrids. International Political Science Review, 34(3), 326-341.
Nimmo, H.A. (1968). Reflections on Bajau history. Philippine Studies, 16(1), 32-59.
Ongkili, J.F. (1989). Political development in Sabah, 1963-1988. In J.G. Kitingan, & M.J. Ongkili (Eds.), Sabah: 25 years later (pp. 61-80). Kota Kinabalu, Sabah: Institute for Development Studies (Sabah).
Opinion. (2010, June 13). NEP failure is due to greed. Daily Express. Retrieved from http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/read.cfm?NewsID=376
Patrick, S. (2007). Failed States and global security: Empirical questions and policy dilemmas. International Studies Review, 9(4), 644-622.
Reid, A. (1997). Endangered identity: Kadazan or Dusun in Sabah (East Malaysia). Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 28(1), 120-136.
Robinson, D., Karlin, A., & Stiles, P. (2013). Lonely planet Borneo (travel guide). Hawthorn, Melbourne, Australia: Lonely Planet Publications.
Romzi Ationg, Mohd Azri Ibrahim, Mohd Sohaimi Esa & Madiyem Layapan (2020). Analisis Pola Pengundian dan Senario Politik Semasa di Malaysia Era Pasca Pilihan Raya Umum (PRU) Ke-14 Berdasarkan Pilihan Raya Kecil P186 Sandakan, Sabah. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 5(5), 60-71.
Sandelowski, M. (2000). Focus on research methods combining qualitative and quantitative sampling, data collection, and analysis techniques in mixed-method studies. Research in Nursing & Health, 23, 246–255.
Scott, J.C. (2009). The art of being governed: An anarchist history of upland Southeast Asia. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Shairi, N.A. & Santos, J. (October 12th, 2017). Warisan wins over Sabah, one ethnic group at a time. The Malaysian Insight. Available Online: https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/18192/
Stephen, J. (2000). The value of ethnic labels in relations to the ethnic identity in Sabah: The case of the Kadazandusuns. In Leigh, M. (Ed.), Borneo 2000: Proceedings of the Sixth Biennial Borneo Research Conference, 10th – 14th July (pp. 1-22). Kuching, Sarawak: Institute of East Asian Studies (ISEAS), University Malaysia Sarawak.
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J.C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W.G. Austin, & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-47). Monterey, CA: Brooks-Cole.
Tarmudi, Z., Saibin, T.C., Naharu, N., & Tamsin, N.W.D. (2014). Tourist arrivals to Sabah by using fuzzy forecasting. Paper presented at 4th International Conference on Tourism Research (4ICTR), held at Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 9-11 December.
The FMT Reporters (May 7th, 2017). Don’t be fooled by ‘Sabah for Sabahans’ slogan, says Najib. FMT NEWS. Available Online: https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2017/05/07/dont-be-fooled-by-sabah-for-sabahans-slogan-says-najib/
The Times. (1927, November 24). Sir Alfred Dent. The Times. p. 1.
Warren, C. (1983). Ideology, identity and change: The experience of the Bajau Laut of East Malaysia, 1960-1975. Southeast Asian Monograph Series (No. 14). Townsville, Qld.: James Cook University of North Queensland.
Warren, J.F. (1981). The Sulu zone 1768-1898. Singapore: Singapore University Press.
Welman, F. (2011). Borneo trilogy (Heart of darkness open) – Volume 2; Sabah. Retrieved from www.booksmango.com.
Yusoff, M.A. (1999). The politics of centre-state conflict: The Sabah experience under the ruling Sabah Alliance (1963-1976). JEBAT, 26, 1-25.
Published
2021-01-06
How to Cite
Ationg, R., Esa, M. S., Ibrahim, M. A., Gansau, J., Totu, A. and Othman, I. W. (2021) “Kebangkitan Semula Fahaman Politik Berbilang Kaum Melalui Slogan ‘Sabah for Sabahan’ di Sabah”, Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 6(1), pp. 70 - 79. doi: 10.47405/mjssh.v6i1.626.
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