The Impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Temperature: A Case Study in Kuching, Sarawak
Keywords:
ENSO, meteorology data, ONI, model prediction, urban areas
Abstract
The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event is a climate event that has an impact on the world climate. The effects of ENSO are often associated with prolonged droughts and floods since 1980 following global climate change. In addition to causing flooding and drought. Indirectly, the occurrence of ENSO causes health problems, environmental destruction, affecting economic activities such as agriculture and fisheries. Many studies on ENSO have been conducted. However, there is still a lack of research on the effect of ENSO on temperature in local knowledge areas, especially urban areas because the urban environment especially building materials that can absorb and release heat. In addition, previous studies have focused on large-scale areas. Beside that there still gap to understand and increase knowledge about the effect of ENSO on local temperatures, especially in urban areas. This study uses meteorological data and Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) from 1988 to 2019. This study found that the occurrence of ENSO has an effect on the value of daily temperature but differs based on the value of the ONI index. In addition, this study uses linear regression in predicting the effect of ENSO on temperature. The results of this study are useful to those responsible for understanding the impact of ENSO on temperature in urban areas to provide infrastructure in reducing the impact of ENSO as well as adjustment measures during the occurrence of ENSO.
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References
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Barton, S. B. & J. A. Ram I´ Rez (2004). Effects Of El Niño Southern Oscillation and Pacific Interdecadal Oscillation on Water Supply in The Columbia River Basin. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 130(4), 281-289.
Boyin H, L., Zeng‐Zhen H, & Huai‐Min Z. (2016). Ranking the Strongest ENSO Events While Incorporating SST Uncertainty. Geophysical Research Letter. Research Letter. 2016. American Geophysical Union.
Chen, C.-C., Et Al. (2002). Agricultural Value of ENSO Information Under Alternative Phase Definition. Climatic Change, 54(3): 305-325.
Chen, D. K., Zebiak, S. E., Busalacchi, A. J., & Cane, M. A. (1995). An Improved Procedure For El Niño Forecasting: Implications for Predictability. Science, 269,1699–1702
Douglas C. Montgomery, Elizabeth A. Peck, G. Geoffrey Vining (2012) Introduction To Linear Regression Analysis, 5th Edition.
Drosdowsky, W., Wheeler MC. (2014). Predicting the Onset of The North Australian Wet Season with The POAMA Dynamical Prediction System. Wea. Forecasting, 29, 150–161.
Fang, X., Xie, R. (2020). A Brief Review of ENSO Theories and Prediction. Sci. China Earth Sci. 63, 476–491 (2020). Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S11430-019-9539-0
Freychet, N., S. Sparrow, S. F. B. Tett, M. J. Mineter, G. C. Hegerl, And D. C. H. Wallom (2018). Impacts of Anthropogenic Forcings And El Nino On Chinese Extreme Temperatures. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 35(8), 994–1002, Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/ S00376-018-7258-8.
Grimm, A. M., Et Al. (1998). Precipitation Anomalies in Southern Brazil Associated With El Niño And La Niña Events. Journal of Climate 11(11), 2863-2880.
Garfinkel, C.I.; Butler, A.H. (2018).Reviews Of Geophysics The Teleconnection Of El Niño Southern Oscillation To Thestratosphere. Rev. Geophys. 2018, 57, 547, Doi:10.1029/2018RG000596
Hachigonta, S., & C. Reason (2006). Interannual Variability in Dry and Wet Spell Characteristics Over Zambia. Climate Research 32(1), 49.
Hu Z Z, Kumar A, Jha B, Wang W, Huang B, Huang B. (2012). An Analysis of Warm Pool And Cold Tongue El Niños: Air-Sea Coupling Processes, Global Influences, And Recent Trends. Clim Dyn, 38, 2017–2035
Kovats, R. S., Bouma (2003). El Niño And Health. The Lancet 362(9394), 1481-1489.
Korecha, D. & A. G. Barnston (2007). Predictability of June-September Rainfall In Ethiopia. Monthly Weather Review, 135(2): 628-650.
Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, And F. Rubel, (2006): World Map of The Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification Updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263, Doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/013
Luo, J.-J. (2008). Extended ENSO Predictions Using A Fully Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model. Journal of Climate, 21(1), 84-93.
Luo, Q. (2014). Temperature Thresholds and Crop Production: A Review. Climatic Change, 109(3-4): 583-598.
Luo, M. & Lau, N.-C. (2018) Amplifying Effect of ENSO On Heat Waves In China. Climate Dynamics. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S00382-018-4322-0.
Luo, M. & Lau, N.-C. (2018) Synoptic Characteristics, Atmospheric Controls, And Long-Term Changes Of Heat Waves Over The Indochina Peninsula. Climate Dynamics. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S00382-017-4038-6.
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Mohamed E. H. (2016). Time Series Trends of Land Surface Temperatures In Egypt: A Signal For Global Warming Environ Earth Sci. 75:1218 DOI 10.1007/S12665-016-6024-4
NOAA 2020. National Centers For Environmental Information, State of The Climate: Global Climate Report For Annual 2019. Available at Https://Www.Ncdc.Noaa.Gov/Sotc/Global/201913. (Accessed On 16 March 2020).
Paek H, Yu J Y, Qian C. (2017). Why Were The 2015/2016 And 1997/1998 Extreme El Niños Different? Geophys Res Lett, 44: 1848–1856.
René D. Garreaud Juan P. Boisier, Roberto Rondanelli , Aldo Montecinos, Hector H. Sepúlveda Daniel Veloso‐Aguila (2019) The Central Chile Mega Drought (2010–2018): A Climate Dynamics Perspective. International Journal of Climatology, Royal Meteorological Society
Risbey J S, Lewandowsky S, Langlais C, Monselesan D P, O’Kane T J, Oreskes N. (2014). Well-Estimated Global Surface Warming In Climate Projections Selected For ENSO Phase. Nat Clim Change, 4: 835–840
Rosenzweig, C. & D. Hillel (2008). Climate Variability and The Global Harvest: Impacts Of El Niño And Other Oscillations on Agroecosystems, Oxford University Press New York.
Ropelewski, C. F. & M. S. Halpert (1996). Quantifying Southern Oscillation-Precipitation Relationships. Journal of Climate 9(5), 1043-1059.
Renganathan Giridharana & Rohinton Emmanuelb (2018). The Impact of Urban Compactness, Comfort Strategies, And Energy Consumption on Tropical Urban Heat Island Intensity: A Review. Sustainable Cities and Society, 40, 677–687.
Rajashree Vinod Bothale & Yashwant B. Katpatal (2014). Response of Rainfall And Vegetation To ENSO Events During 2001–2011 In Upper Wardha Watershed, Maharashtra, India. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 19(3).
Salleh, Siti Aekbal And Abd.Latif, Zulkiflee And Wan Mohd, Wan Mohd. Naim And Chan, Andy (2018) Land Covers and Climate Impacts On Land Surface Temperature In Putrajaya, Malaysia Asian Journal Of Environment-Behaviour Studies, 3(10), 1-11
Suhaila, J. & Yusop, Z. (2018). Trend Analysis and Change Point Detection of Annual and Seasonal Temperature Series in Peninsular Malaysia. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 130, 565-581.
Tang, K. H. D. (2019). Climate Change in Malaysia: Trends, Contributors, Impacts, Mitigation and Adaptations. Science of The Total Environment, 650, 1858-1871.
Tangang, F., Juneng, L., Salimun, E., Sei, K. & Loh, J. (2012). Climate Change and Variability Over Malaysia: Gaps In Science And Research Information. Sains Malaysiana, 41, 1355-1366.
Tavakol, A., Rahmani, V. & Harrington, J. (2020). Evaluation of Hot Temperature Extremes And Heat Waves In The Mississippi River Basin. Atmospheric Research, 239, 104907
Trenberth, K. E. & D. P. Stepaniak (2001). Indices Of El Niño Evolution. Journal of Climate, 14(8), 1697-1701.
Turkington, T., Timbal, B., & Rahmat, R. (2018). The Impact of Global Warming on Sea Surface Temperature Based El Nino Southern Oscillation Monitoring Indices. International Journal of Climatology, 39(2).
Villoria, N. B. (2015). The Role of Variable Trade Policy and Early Warnings in Mitigating The Global Effects Of El Nino Southern Oscillation. I. F. P. A. C. Teleconnections
Yu J, Paek H & Saltzman (2015). The Early 1990s Change In ENSO–PSA– SAM Relationships and Its Impact on Southern Hemisphere Climate. J Clim, 28: 9393–408
Zulfaqar Sa’adi, Shamsuddin Shahid, Tarmizi Ismail, Eun-Sung Chung, And Xiao-Jun Wang (2017). Distributional Changes in Rainfall and River Flow in Sarawak, Malaysia. Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci., 53(4), 489-500.
Zhang, K., B. Thapa, M. Ross, And D. Gann. (2016). Remote Sensing of Seasonal Changes and Disturbances in Mangrove Forest: A Case Study from South Florida. Ecosphere, 7(6).
Published
2021-01-06
How to Cite
Kemarau, R. and Eboy, O. V. (2021) “The Impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Temperature: A Case Study in Kuching, Sarawak”, Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 6(1), pp. 289 - 297. doi: 10.47405/mjssh.v6i1.602.
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