Pembentukan Kemahiran Kepimpinan Guru Pelatih Melalui Latihan Mengajar
Keywords:
Kemahiran kepimpinan, guru pelatih, latihan mengajar
Abstract
Kajian ini merupakan satu tinjauan bagi mengenal pasti pembentukan kemahiran kepimpinan melalui latihan mengajar. Kemahiran kepimpinan terdiri daripada tiga kemahiran asas iaitu kemahiran teknikal, kemahiran interpersonal dan kemahiran konseptual. Kajian ini juga turut mengkaji hubungan pembentukan kemahiran kepimpinan dengan kursus pengajian dan mengenal pasti perbezaan pembentukan kemahiran kepimpinan yang dilaksanakan di sekolah di kawasan luar bandar dan sekolah di kawasan bandar. Kajian ini dijalankan melalui kaedah tinjauan dengan menggunakan borang soal selidik. Manakala, populasi yang terlibat ialah pelajar dari Fakulti Pendidikan, UTM. Analisa dapatan kajian ini menggunakan SPSS 17.0 secara deskriptif dan inferensi. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa pembentukan kemahiran kepimpinan melalui latihan mengajar adalah tinggi iaitu 85.4%. Bagi hasil statistik inferensi pula menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan terhadap pembentukan kemahiran kepimpinan melalui latihan mengajar dan tidak terdapat sebarang perbezaan yang signifikan terhadap hubungan antara pembentukan kemahiran kepimpinan pelajar melalui latihan mengajar dengan lokasi di sekolah bandar dan di sekolah luar bandar. Kesimpulannya, semua elemen kemahiran kepimpinan mampu dibentuk melalui latihan mengajar dan ditambahbaik dari semasa ke semasa.
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References
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Burke, M., Carron, A. V., & Eys, M. A. (2006). Physical activity context: Preferences of university students. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 7, 1–13.
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Culver, D., & Trudel, P. (2000). Coach-athlete communication within a National Alpine Ski Team. Journal of excellent, 3, 28-50.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1980). The empirical exploration of intrinsic motivational processes. In Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (pp. 39–80). New York: Academic Press.
Drussel, J. (2012). Social networking and interpersonal communication and conflict resolution skills among college freshmen. Master of Social Work Clinical Research Papers.
Emily, A. R. (2013). Gender Relations in Sport. Texas: USA.
Erickson, K. (2013). Interpersonal interactions and athlete development in different youth sport contexts. Queen's University, Canada.
Frankl, D. & Babbitt, D. G. (1998). Gender bias: A study of high school track & field athletes’ perceptions of hypothetical male and female head coaches. Journal of Sport Behavior, 21, 396-407.
Frey, M., Czech, D., Kent, R., & Johnson, M. (2008). An Exploration of Female Athlete’s Experiences and Perceptions of Male and Female Coaches. U.S Sports Academy, 1-11.
Fuoss, D. E., & Troppmann, R.J. (1981). Effective coaching: A psychological approach. New York: Wiley.
Gould, D., Collins, K. B., Louer, L. A., & Chung, Y. C. (2007). Coaching life skills through football: A study of award-winning high-school coaches. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 19, 16-37.
Greenleaf, C., Gould, D. & Dieffenbach, K. (2001). Factors influencing Olympic performance: Interviews with Atlanta and Nagano US Olympians. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13, 154–184.
Haleem, H. (2005) ‘Running in pain: An autoethnography of power, coercion and injury in a coach–athlete relationship’. University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Hargie O, & Dickson D. (2004). Skilled interpersonal communication: research, theory and practice (4th ed.). London: Routledge.
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Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. London: McGraw-Hill.Ishak A. H. (2000) Kemahiran komunikasi interpersonal. UPM.
Jayabalan, P. (2015, July 6). A Driving force: Our star athletes share their stories and pillars of strength. The Star Online. Retrieved from http://mystarjob.com/articles/story.aspx?file=/2015/6/6/mystarjob_careerguide/3318043&sec=mystarjob_careerguide
Jones, R. L., Potrac, P., & Armour K. (2002). ‘It’s all about getting respect’: the coaching behaviours of an expert english soccer coach, sport. Educational Sociology, 7(2), 183–202.
Jowett, S. & Meek, G.A. (2000).The coach–athlete relationship in married couples: an exploratory content analysis. The Sport Psychologist, 14, 157–175.
Jowett, S., & Meek, G. A. (2000a). A case study of a top-level coach–athlete dyad in crisis (abstract). Journal of Sports Sciences, 18, 51–52.
Jowett, S. (2001). The psychology of interpersonal relationship in sport: the coach-athlete relationship. University of Exeter, UK.
Jowett, S., & Cockerill, I. M. (2002). Incompatibility in the coach-athlete relationship. Solutions in Sport Psychology, 16-31.
Jowett, S. (2003).When the honeymoon is over: A case study of a coach–athlete relationship in crisis. The Sport Psychologist, 17, 444–460.
Jowett, S. & Cockerill, I. M. (2003). Olympic medallists’ perspective of the athlete– coach relationship. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 4, 313–331.
Jowett, S. & Chaundy, V. (2004). An investigation into the impact of coach leadership and coach–athlete relationship on group cohesion. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research and Practice, 8, 302–311.
Jowett, S., & Ntoumanis, N. (2004). The coach–athlete relationship questionnaire (CARTQ): Development and initial validation. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 14, 245–257.
Jowett, S. (2005). The Coach-Athlete Partnership. The Psychologist, 18 (7), 412-415.
Jowett, S., & Timson-Katchis, M. (2005). Social networks in the sport context: The influence of parents on the coach-athlete relationship. The Sport Psychologist, 19, 267-287.
Jowett, S. (2007). Interdependence analysis and 3+1 Cs in the coach-athlete relationship. In Jowett, S., & Lavallee, D. (Eds.), Social psychology in sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Jowett, S., & Poczwardowski, A. (2007). Understanding the coach-athlete relationship. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Jowett, S., & Frost, T. C. (2007). Race/ethnicity in the all-male coach-athlete relationship: Black footballers' narratives. Journal of International Sport and Exercise Psychology, 3, 255-269.
Jowett, S., & Poczwardowski, A. (2012). Understanding the coach-athlete relationship. ResearchGate Publication, 1-14.
Kassing, J. W., Pearce, K. J., Infante, D. A., & Pyles, S. M. (1999). Exploring the communicative nature of corporal punishment. Communication Research Reports,16, 18-28.
Kavussanu, M., & Robert, G. C. (1996). Motivation in physical activity contexts: The relationships of perceived motivational climate to intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy. Journal of Sport Psychology, 7, 137-149.
Kelley, H. H., Berscheid, E., Christensen, A., Harvey, H. H., Huston, T. L., Levinger, G., McClintock, E., Peplau, L. A., Peterson, D. R. (Eds.). (1983). Close relationships. New York: Freeman.
Lai, F. S., Chong, S. C., Sia, B. K., & Ooi, B. C. (2010). Culture and Consumer Behaviour: Comparisons between Malays and Chinese in Malaysia. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 2, 180-185.
Latif, R. A., Hassan, A., & Fauzee O. S. (2009) A Qualitative Analysis of Effectiveness Communication of Coaches from Athlete’s Perspective, Malaysian Journal of Sport Science and Recreation, 5(1), 1-16.
Li, B., Dittmore, S. W., & Park, J. (2015). Exploring Different Perceptions of Coach-Athlete Relationship: The Case of Chinese Olympians. International Journal of Coaching Science, 9(2), 59-76.
Lirgg, C. D., Dibrezzo, R., & Smith, A. N. (1994). Influence of gender of coach on perceptions of basketball and coaching self-efficacy and aspirations of high school female basketball players. Women, Sport, and Physical Activity Journal, 3, 1-14.
Longueville, F.A., Fournier, J.F., & Dubois, A. (1998). The Perceived Effectiveness of Interactions between Expert French Judo Coaches and Elite Female Athletes. The Sport Psychologist, 12, 317-332.
López-Valle, J., Balaguer, I., Castillo, I., & Tristan, J. (2011). Perceived motivational climate, self-determined motivation and self-esteem in young Mexican athletes. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 20, 209–222.
Lustig, M., & Koester, J. (1999). Intercultural competence: Interpersonal communication across cultures (3rd Ed.). New York, NY: Addison Wesley Longman.
Lyle, J. (1999). Coaching philosophy and coaching behaviour. In N. Cross., & J. Lyle (Eds.) The coaching process: Principles and practice for sport (pp. 25–46). Oxford: Butterworth-Heineman.
Mazer, J. P., Barnes, K., Grevious, A., & Boger C. (2013). Coach verbal aggression: a case study examining effects on athlete motivation and perceptions of coach credibility. International Journal of Sports Communication, 6(2), 203-213.
Medwechuk, N., & Crossman, J. (1994). Effects of gender bias on the evaluation of male and female swim coaches’. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 78, 163-169.
Melinda, F., Czech, D., Kent, R., & Johnson, M. (2008). An Exploration of Female Athlete’s Experiences and Perceptions of Male and Female Coaches. U.S Sports Academy, 1-11.
Miles, J. A., & Greenberg, J. (1993). Using punishment threats to attenuate social loafing effects among swimmers. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 56, 246-26.
Milton, B. (1993). Towards ethno relativism: a developmental model of intercultural sensitivity. R. Michael Paign. Cross-Cultural Orientation: New Conceptualization and Applications.
Molstad, S., & Whitaker, G. (1987). Perceptions of female basketball players regarding coaching qualities of males and females. Journal of Applied Research in Coaching and Athletics, 2, 57-71.
Nixon, Frey. (1998). Ethnic and Religious Identity. In Cassidy, T. G., Jones, R. L., & Potrac, P. (2Ed.), Understanding Sports Coaching: The Social, Cultural and Pedagogical Foundations of Coaching Practice (pp. 107). New York, NY: Routledge.
Norton, R. (1983). Communicator style: Theory, applications and measures. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
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Published
2016-06-22
How to Cite
Mohd Ishar, M. I. and Jabor, M. K. (2016) “Pembentukan Kemahiran Kepimpinan Guru Pelatih Melalui Latihan Mengajar”, Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 1(3), pp. 99 - 110. doi: 10.47405/mjssh.v1i3.20.
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