Meneroka Cabaran dan Isu dalam Adaptasi Antarabudaya Populasi Orang Pelarian serta Pencari Suaka di Negara Transit dan Penempatan Semula
Abstract
Setiap individu yang bermigrasi ke tempat baharu akan mengalami proses adaptasi antarabudaya. Ini termasuklah populasi yang bermigrasi secara paksa (forced migration). Populasi orang pelarian dan pencari suaka merupakan populasi yang bermigrasi secara paksa ekoran faktor-faktor seperti penganiayaan, konflik, keganasan, atau pelanggaran hak asasi manusia di negara asal mereka. Sama seperti populasi yang bermigrasi secara suka rela (e.g., golongan profesional dan pelajar antarabangsa), orang pelarian dan pencari suaka juga akan mengalami proses adaptasi antarabudaya di negara tuan rumah (negara transit atau penempatan semula). Pengalaman adaptasi antarabudaya golongan terpinggir dan rentan (marginalised and vulnerable) ini bukanlah sesuatu yang mudah. Artikel ulasan ini bertujuan untuk meneroka cabaran dan isu utama yang dialami oleh populasi orang pelarian dan pencari suaka semasa menyesuaikan diri di negara tuan rumah. Kajian-kajian terdahulu berkaitan populasi orang pelarian dan pencari suaka di luar negara, khususnya negara-negara transit dan penempatan semula telah dirujuk dan dibincangkan. Pengkaji mengenal pasti beberapa cabaran dan isu utama yang dihadapi oleh populasi orang pelarian dan pencari suaka semasa menyesuaikan diri di negara tuan rumah iaitu (i) halangan bahasa, (ii) sosial, (iii) pekerjaan, (iv) penjagaan kesihatan, dan (v) pendidikan. Lantaran itu, negara tuan rumah seharusnya mengambil kira pelbagai aspek ini dalam membantu populasi orang pelarian dan pencari suaka untuk menyesuaikan diri di negara tuan rumah.
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References
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