Nilai Jaringan Sosial dan Model Kelestarian Perniagaan Perusahaan Kecil dan Sederhana (PKS) Melayu

Mohd Hadri Mohd Rifin; Novel Lyndon; Azlina Abdullah

doi:10.47405/mjssh.v6i9.1053

Mohd Hadri Mohd Rifin Centre for Research in Development, Social and Environment, Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
Novel Lyndon Centre for Research in Development, Social and Environment, Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
Azlina Abdullah Centre for Research in Development, Social and Environment, Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i9.1053

Keywords: usahawan Melayu, jaringan sosial, perusahaan kecil dan sederhana, model kelestarian perniagaan

Abstract

Hubungan jaringan sosial merupakan satu strategi perniagaan yang tersulamnya proses sosial melalui hubungan interaksi dalam aktiviti perniagaan. Justeru, isu utama kajian ini ialah sejauh mana hubungan jaringan sosial menghasilkan nilai jaringan yang membantu kelangsungan hidup dan daya saing perusahaan kecil dan sederhana milik orang Melayu. Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti nilai jaringan sosial dalam membantu kelangsungan hidup dan daya saing perusahaan kecil dan sederhana milik orang Melayu melalui aktiviti pertukaran nilai jaringan bersama aktor jaringan sosial yang membentuk sebuah model kelestarian perniagaan. Kajian ini dijalankan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melibatkan temu bual mendalam dengan 20 orang informan yang merupakan usahawan kecil dan sederhana Melayu yang menjalankan perniagaan di Kuala Terengganu. Pemilihan informan kajian menggunakan kaedah pensampelan bertujuan. Ciri-ciri utama pemilihan informan ialah usahawan kecil dan sederhana yang mempunyai jumlah jualan tahunan melebihi RM300 ribu atau sekurang-kurangnya memiliki lima orang pekerja. Penganalisisan data kualitatif adalah secara bertema menggunakan perisian ATLAS.ti. Hasil kajian mendapati hubungan jaringan sosial menghasilkan nilai material dan nilai bukan material kepada usahawan Melayu. Aktiviti pertukaran nilai antara aktor jaringan sosial melibatkan perkongsian maklumat, tunjuk ajar, bantuan, perkhidmatan sokongan perniagaan, nasihat dan menyelesaikan masalah perniagaan. Impak dari pertukaran nilai jaringan sosial menghasilkan pelbagai manfaat kepada usahawan bermula dari proses penghasilan produk dan perkhidmatan yang berkualiti, strategi pemasaran, menepati kehendak pelanggan, kelangsungan perniagaan dan mampu bersaing dalam pasaran yang semakin mencabar. Kesimpulannya, membina hubungan bersama aktor jaringan sosial merupakan strategi perniagaan dan merupakan alat bagi usahawan Melayu untuk memiliki manfaat dalam perniagaan melalui peranan setiap aktor jaringan yang pelbagai, menghasilkan nilai jaringan yang berbeza, saling melengkapi dan saling diperlukan dalam membina sebuah perniagaan lestari yang bermatlamatkan nilai ekonomi, sosial dan persekitaran. Implikasi kajian menunjukkan bahawa usahawan Melayu perlu membina hubungan jaringan sosial di peringkat mikro dan makro termasuk institusi sosial.

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