Desentralisasi Kuasa dan Penglibatan Komuniti Iban dalam Program Pembasmian Kemiskinan di Sarawak
Keywords:
desentralisasi kuasa, penglibatan komuniti, komuniti Iban, pembasmian kemiskinan
Abstract
Artikel ini meneliti desentralisasi kuasa dan hubungnya dengan penglibatan komuniti Iban dalam Skim Pembangunan Kesejahteraan Rakyat (SPKR). Bagi tujuan pengumpulan data kajian, kaedah temu bual berstruktur menggunakan borang soal selidik telah dijalankan ke atas 260 Ketua Isi Rumah (KIR) rumah panjang di Daerah Song, Sarawak. Penemuan kajian menunjukkan desentralisasi kuasa dalam program di bawah SPKR berada pada tahap sederhana. Analisis Ujian Khi Kuasa Dua pula menunjukkan terdapat perhubungan yang signifikan (p ≤ 0.05) antara tahap desentralisasi kuasa dengan penglibatan masyarakat Iban dalam pelaksanaan dan penilaian program di bawah SPKR. Ini menggambarkan semakin tinggi tahap desentralisasi kuasa yang diterima oleh masyarakat, maka semakin tinggi tahap penglibatan mereka dalam aktiviti pelaksanaan dan penilaian program di bawah skim tersebut. Sebaliknya, perhubungan tersebut adalah tidak signifikan (p ≥ 0.05) dari segi tahap penglibatan dalam membuat keputusan dan berkongsi manfaat daripada program di bawah SPKR.
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References
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Asiyati Lorraine Chiewza (2005). Participation: Reality or rhetoric in rural communities of Malawi?. Tanzanet Journal, 5(1), 1-8.
Augustine, O. A. & Paul, I. (2012). Socio-economic factors influencing farmers’ participation in community development organizations in Obubra Local Government Area (LGA) of Cross River State, Nigeria. Canadian Social Science, 8(1), 54-59.
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Bardhan, P. (2002). Decentralization of governance and development. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16(4), 185-205.
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Godwin, R. K. E. (2010). The effectiveness of decentralization policy in Ghana: A case study of Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abrim (KEEA) and Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese (AAK) districts in Ghana. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 4(1), 13-28.
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Nanthakumar, L. & Thirunaukarasu, S. (2005). Pola kemiskinan dinamik masyarakat pulau dan pesisiran pantai: Kajian kes Pulau Perhentian. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 10, 151-169.
Njunwa, K. M. (2010). Community participation as a tool for development: Local community’s participation in primary education development in Morogoro, Tanzania-A case of Kilakala and Mindu Primary Schools. Master Thesis, The University of Agder, Kristiansand.
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Ribot, J. C. (2001). Local actors, powers and accountability in African decentralizations: A review of issues. A Paper Prepared for the International Development Research Centre, Canada.
Saltman, R. B., Bankauskaite, V. & Vrangbæk, K. (2007). Decentralization in health care: Strategies and outcomes. European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies series. Berkshire: McGraw Hill.
Sharareh Khodamoradi & Mohammad Abedi (2011). Review the reasons of the decentralization of agricultural extension. Life Science Journal, 8(2), 93-99.
Sheikh Noor Mohammad. (2010). People’s participation in development projects at grass-root level: a case study of Alampur and Jagannathpur Union Parishad. Master Thesis, North South University, Bangladesh.
Siti Hadijah Che Mat & Roslan Abdul Hakim (2011). Jangka masa keluar daripada kepompong kemiskinan dan ketermiskinan: Kajian kes di Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia. Interanational Journal of Management Studies, 18(2), 217-236.
Siti Hadijah Che Mat & Roslan Abdul Hakim (2011). Jangka masa keluar daripada kepompong kemiskinan dan ketermiskinan: Kajian kes di Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia. Interanational Journal of Management Studies, 18(2), 217-236.
Smith, B. C. (1998). Participation without power: Subterfuge or development? Community Development Journal, 33(3), 197-204.
Songan, P. (1992). Perceived motivations and deterrents associated with participation of peasants in rural development programs in Sarawak, Malaysia. PhD Dissertation, Cornell Unviersity.
Tahmeena Dilshad, Ghulam Yasin & Muhammad Ishaque Fani (2010). Impacts of socio- economic factors on participatory community development: A case of Tehsil Dera Ghazi Khan. European Journal of Social Sciences, 18(2), 203-209.
Asiyati Lorraine Chiewza (2005). Participation: Reality or rhetoric in rural communities of Malawi?. Tanzanet Journal, 5(1), 1-8.
Augustine, O. A. & Paul, I. (2012). Socio-economic factors influencing farmers’ participation in community development organizations in Obubra Local Government Area (LGA) of Cross River State, Nigeria. Canadian Social Science, 8(1), 54-59.
Awortwi, N. (2012). The riddle of community development: Factors influencing participation and management in twenty-nine African and Latin American communitie. Community Development Journal, 1-16.
Bardhan, P. (2002). Decentralization of governance and development. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16(4), 185-205.
Finsterbusch, K. & Van Wicklin, W. III (1987). The contribution of beneficiary participation to development project effectiveness. Public Administration and Development, 7, 1-23.
Finsterbusch, K. & Van Wicklin, W. III (1987). The contribution of beneficiary participation to development project effectiveness. Public Administration and Development, 7, 1-23.
Godwin, R. K. E. (2010). The effectiveness of decentralization policy in Ghana: A case study of Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abrim (KEEA) and Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese (AAK) districts in Ghana. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 4(1), 13-28.
Golola, L. M. (2003). Decentralisation, local bureaucracies and service delivery in Uganda. Dalam Kayizzi-Mugerwa (eds.), Reforming Africa’s Institutions. New York: United Nations University Press.
Haris Abd. Wahab (2002). Pengupayaan masyarakat melalui penglibatan dalam program pembangunan komuniti. Jurnal SARJANA, 19, 105-126.
Haris Abd. Wahab (2004). Penglibatan masyarakat tempatan dalam projek pembangunan komuniti. Dalam Dani Salleh (eds), Pembangunan komuniti: Dasar, konsep, strategi dan isu di Malaysia. Kedah: Penerbit Universiti Utara.
Haris Abd. Wahab (2009). Penilaian keperluan dalam pembangunan komuniti: Kajian kes di negeri Kelantan. Tesis PhD, Universiti Malaya.
Haris Abd. Wahab & Abd. Hadi Zakaria (2010). Desentralisasi kuasa dan pencapaian program pembangunan komuniti luar bandar di Malaysia. Sarjana, 25(2), 43-60.
Johnston, M. (1982). The Labyrinth of community participation: Experience in Indonesia. Community Development Journal, 17(3), 202-207Kayizzi-Mugerwa (1998
Johnston, M. (1982). The Labyrinth of community participation: Experience in Indonesia. Community Development Journal, 17(3), 202-207.
Kementerian Kemajuan Luar Bandar dan Wilayah (KKLW). (2008). Skim Pembangunan Kesejahteraan Rakyat. Putrajaya.
Khatereh Siyar (2011). Aspects of decentralization in rural activities. Academia Arena, 3(6), 15-19.Mohammad Ghazi Ismail & Haliza Abdul Rahman (2011). Penglibatan masyarakat awam dalam isu berkaitan persekitaran dengan rujukan kepada Jajahan Kuala Krai, Kelantan. Journal of Techno-Social, 3(1), 15-34.
Kwok, C. H. & Haris Abd Wahab (2013). Sokongan politik dan penglibatan masyarakat dalam program pembasmian kemiskinan di Sarawak. Geografia Online - Malaysia Journal of Society and Space, 9(1), 89-97.
Laily Paim & Sharifah Azizah Haron (2010). Konsep dan pendekatan mengukur kemiskinan. Dalam Laily Paim & Sharifah Azizah Haron (eds.), Kemiskinan di Malaysia: Isu fundamental dan paparan obiliz. Serdang: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Muriisa, R. K. (2008). Decentralisation in Uganda: Prospects for improved service delivery. Africa Development, XXXIII(4), 83–95.
Nanthakumar, L. & Thirunaukarasu, S. (2005). Pola kemiskinan dinamik masyarakat pulau dan pesisiran pantai: Kajian kes Pulau Perhentian. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 10, 151-169.
Njunwa, K. M. (2010). Community participation as a tool for development: Local community’s participation in primary education development in Morogoro, Tanzania-A case of Kilakala and Mindu Primary Schools. Master Thesis, The University of Agder, Kristiansand.
Rancangan Malaysia Kelapan. (RMK8). (2001). Kuala Lumpur: Pencetakan Negara Malaysia Berhad.
Rancangan Malaysia Kesepuluh. (RMK10). (2011). Unit Perancang Ekonomi, Jabatan Perdana Menteri, Putrajaya.
Ribot, J. C. (2001). Local actors, powers and accountability in African decentralizations: A review of issues. A Paper Prepared for the International Development Research Centre, Canada.
Saltman, R. B., Bankauskaite, V. & Vrangbæk, K. (2007). Decentralization in health care: Strategies and outcomes. European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies series. Berkshire: McGraw Hill.
Sharareh Khodamoradi & Mohammad Abedi (2011). Review the reasons of the decentralization of agricultural extension. Life Science Journal, 8(2), 93-99.
Sheikh Noor Mohammad. (2010). People’s participation in development projects at grass-root level: a case study of Alampur and Jagannathpur Union Parishad. Master Thesis, North South University, Bangladesh.
Siti Hadijah Che Mat & Roslan Abdul Hakim (2011). Jangka masa keluar daripada kepompong kemiskinan dan ketermiskinan: Kajian kes di Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia. Interanational Journal of Management Studies, 18(2), 217-236.
Siti Hadijah Che Mat & Roslan Abdul Hakim (2011). Jangka masa keluar daripada kepompong kemiskinan dan ketermiskinan: Kajian kes di Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia. Interanational Journal of Management Studies, 18(2), 217-236.
Smith, B. C. (1998). Participation without power: Subterfuge or development? Community Development Journal, 33(3), 197-204.
Songan, P. (1992). Perceived motivations and deterrents associated with participation of peasants in rural development programs in Sarawak, Malaysia. PhD Dissertation, Cornell Unviersity.
Tahmeena Dilshad, Ghulam Yasin & Muhammad Ishaque Fani (2010). Impacts of socio- economic factors on participatory community development: A case of Tehsil Dera Ghazi Khan. European Journal of Social Sciences, 18(2), 203-209.
Published
2016-03-16
How to Cite
Chin Hoe, K., Abd Wahab, H., Abu Samah, A., Hashim, A. H., Redzuan, M., Wan Jaafar, W. M. and Ani, F. (2016) “Desentralisasi Kuasa dan Penglibatan Komuniti Iban dalam Program Pembasmian Kemiskinan di Sarawak”, Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 1(1), pp. 1 - 9. doi: 10.47405/mjssh.v1i1.1.
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